{"id":3794,"date":"2024-03-05T05:44:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T00:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tintuc.24hscore.com\/?p=3794"},"modified":"2024-03-05T05:44:05","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T00:44:05","slug":"judo-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/vo-thuat\/judo-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Judo l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

24hscore<\/strong><\/a> – Judo, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng”, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (gendai bud\u014d) v\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 n\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp khu\u1ef7u tay ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n s\u1eb7c.\u00a0C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y (b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n) – c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 – l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a judo, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc (kata) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p trong thi \u0111\u1ea5u judo ho\u1eb7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do (randori).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho judo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i “truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng” (kory\u016b). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp judo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 j\u016bd\u014dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a judo kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u00f3, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Jigoro Kano (1860\u20131938). Kano sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. \u00d4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u sake \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Shiga \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cha c\u1ee7a Kano kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 con trai \u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Tokyo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp theo \u0111u\u1ed5i jujitsu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eafn, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m pound (45 kg) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t.\u00a0L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean anh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo \u0111u\u1ed5i jujutsu, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111ang h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 17, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn anh ta l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc sinh.\u00a0Khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 18, anh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn Fukuda Hachinosuke (c.1828\u2013c.1880), m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Tenjin Shin’y\u014d-ry\u016b v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Keiko Fukuda (sinh n\u0103m 1913), l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Kano v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef j\u016bd\u014dka c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0Fukuda Hachinosuke \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, gieo m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Kano v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do (randori) trong m\u00f4n judo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Judo
Judo l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Kano v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Fukuda, Fukuda b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi. Kano sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tenjin Shin’y\u014d-ry\u016b kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Iso Masatomo (c.1820\u2013c.1881), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc (kata) h\u01a1n Fukuda. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh, Kano nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 (shihan) v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3ng cho Iso \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 21. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, Iso s\u1edbm b\u1ecb \u1ed1m, v\u00e0 Kano c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835\u20131889) c\u1ee7a Kit\u014d-ry\u016b. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Fukuda, Iikubo ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Kit\u014d-ry\u016b nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e9m \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Tenjin Shin’y\u014d-ry\u016b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\"\"<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Kano \u0111ang ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 “b\u00e1nh xe vai” (kata-guruma, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 v\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n g\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y) v\u00e0 “h\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i” (uki goshi) n\u00e9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kit\u014d-ry\u016b v\u00e0 Tenjin Shin’y\u014d-ry\u016b. \u0110\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, Kano \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 jujutsu, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nam thanh ni\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 22, khi s\u1eafp ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, Kano \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a 9 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Iikubo \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc jujutsu d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Eisho-ji, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Kamakura, v\u00e0 Iikubo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a th\u1ee9 ba. ng\u00e0y trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i hai n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean “Kodokan”, hay “n\u01a1i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o”, v\u00e0 Kano v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong danh hi\u1ec7u “ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n” trong Kit\u014d-ry\u016b, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Kodokan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Judo ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kano Jiu-Jitsu ho\u1eb7c Kano Jiu-Do, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kodokan Jiu-Do ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Jiu-Do ho\u1eb7c Judo. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Jiu-Jitsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “judo”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb “judo” c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi “jujutsu”: “j\u016b” (\u67d4, “j\u016b”), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng”, “m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i”, “d\u1ebbo dai” v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 “d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng”, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f3. b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch j\u016b nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng j\u016b trong m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ec1m” (\u67d4\u6cd5, j\u016bh\u014d). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, anh ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m anh ta v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9m anh ta v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o. ) Kano coi jujutsu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00fai th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a”. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Jujutsu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a judo v\u00e0 jujutsu kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong \u0111\u00f3 jujutsu (j\u016bjutsu) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt” hay “khoa h\u1ecdc” v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i th\u00ec judo (\u67d4\u9053, j\u016bd\u014d) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “d\u014d”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb “\u0111\u1ea1o” trong ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c), mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa Bud\u014d v\u00e0 Bujutsu. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd r\u1eddi xa v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c. Kano coi judo nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung\u201d. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, judo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Judoka (ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp judo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 judoka<\/strong> hay ‘ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i judo’, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p 4 tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “judoka”. H\u1eadu t\u1ed1 -ka<\/strong> khi th\u00eam v\u00e0o danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Benkyo-ka<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3”. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p 4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kenkyu-sei<\/em> hay “th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp sinh”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef judoka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp judo n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean judo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sensei. T\u1eeb sensei xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb sen ho\u1eb7c saki (tr\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 sei (cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng) \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n. \u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean n\u00e0o l\u00e0 sensei c\u1ea5p dan. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p 4 tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"Judogi (\u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean Judo theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 j\u016bd\u014dgi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c judo”, \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp judo. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh gi (\u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c). J\u016bd\u014dgi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kano t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. J\u016bd\u014dgi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea7n d\u00e2y r\u00fat b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i cotton m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c xanh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c b\u00f4ng ch\u1ea7n b\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c xanh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng (obi). Th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc. Chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c khi v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e0y h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c karate (karategi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng judogi m\u00e0u xanh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Anton Geesink t\u1ea1i Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp Maastricht IJF DC n\u0103m 1986. \u0110\u1ec3 thi \u0111\u1ea5u, m\u1ed9t trong hai \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc j\u016bd\u014dgi m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u1ec3 ban gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u1ea3 judoka v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng judogi m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e0u c\u1edd Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ee7. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng m\u00e0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi nh\u1ecf, j\u016bd\u014dgi m\u00e0u xanh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u1ea5p khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1edf l\u00ean. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng j\u016bd\u014dgi m\u00e0u xanh lam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt & th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi judo bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n, ng\u00e3, n\u00e9m, gi\u1eef, si\u1ebft c\u1ed5, kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e9m (nage-waza) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t (ne-waza). N\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9ng (tachi-waza) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hy sinh (sutemi-waza). K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tay (te-waza), k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00f4ng (koshi-waza) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n (ashi-waza). K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hy sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e9m ng\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau (ma-sutemi-waza) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e9m ng\u00e3 nghi\u00eang (yoko-sutemi-waza).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o kh\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp (kansetsu-waza), si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9p c\u1ed5 (shime-waza) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eef ho\u1eb7c ghim (osaekomi-waza).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong judo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 randori (randori), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do”. Trong randori, hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhau b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n judo n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng (atemi-waza) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng dao v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong kata. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong kime-no-kata), nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong randori v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp, kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 hy sinh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc. F<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp randori v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u (shiai), khi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2n k\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c “h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c”, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai l\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ch\u1ea1m s\u1ebd thua v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3a c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ( kata<\/em> ) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong judo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt judo. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a judo, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho judo, cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p trong thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong judo \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kata kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y kata<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kodokan c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do (Randori no Kata), bao g\u1ed3m hai kata:\n
      \n
    • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e9m (\u00a0Nage no Kata\u00a0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n (Katame no Kata)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3u c\u0169 (Kime no Kata)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (Kodokan Goshin Jutsu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c “d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng” (Ju no Kata)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • N\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (Itsutsu no Kata)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a (Koshiki no Kata)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Kata gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a (Seiryoku Zen’y\u014d Kokumin Taiiku no Kata)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kata kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kodokan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Go no sen no kata, m\u1ed9t kata t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00fa n\u00e9m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Randori (\u0111\u1ea5u ki\u1ebfm)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Judo nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 randori<\/em> , l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tachi-waza<\/em> , v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ne-waza<\/em> . \u0110\u1ea5u t\u1eadp, ngay c\u1ea3 khi tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 jujutsuka th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tim m\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111ang ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi judoka l\u00e0 “Vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp judo t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 judo.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ju renshu<\/em> (c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng judoka m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n); v\u00e0 kakari geiko<\/em> (ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng judoka trong khi \u0111\u00f2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c pha chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Trong judo, c\u00f3 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh: giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng ( tachi-waza<\/em> ) v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ( ne-waza<\/em> ). M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, randori<\/em> , \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, v.v. ri\u00eang (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t) . Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt “chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp” \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. J\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a Judo gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3 hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t mang l\u1ea1i cho judoka kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 ghim v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/em> n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn judo tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 thao chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Pha \u0111\u1ee9ng\"\"<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t theo th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed9c thi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e9m nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 si\u1ebft c\u1ed5\/b\u00f3p c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u00e9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 j\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c v\u1edbi khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5m, \u0111\u00e1, v.v.) do h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i “xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang” khi t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00fai ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e2u, v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e9m ( nage waza<\/em> ) l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda, n\u01a1i anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 anh ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh anh ta xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00fa n\u00e9m m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u (b\u1eb1ng ippon<\/em> ) tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u01b0u th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n n\u00e9m \u00edt h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec3m cho c\u00fa n\u00e9m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Kano v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m judo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Kodokan quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e9m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng ( kuzushi<\/em> ); \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ( tsukuri<\/em> ); th\u1ef1c thi ( kake<\/em> ); v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 coupe de gr\u00e2ce ( kime<\/em> ). M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c nhanh – l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Pha m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t\"\"<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Trong thi \u0111\u1ea5u, tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t sau khi x\u1ea3y ra c\u00fa n\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu th\u00ed sinh n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p; m\u1ed9t th\u00ed sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c th\u00ed sinh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1eb7c, si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a tay (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ef7u tay v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Gi\u1eef ph\u00edm xu\u1ed1ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n gi\u1eef ( osaekomi<\/em> ) r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m, \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, h\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu osaekomi<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong 25 gi\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef s\u1ebd th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. M\u1ed9t osaekomi<\/em> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1905, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean vai trong hai gi\u00e2y – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t samurai ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn con dao ho\u1eb7c thanh ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111ang c\u1ea7m tr\u00ean tay. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1eb1ng v\u00f5 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110i\u1ec3m cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef ph\u00edm. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      ‘Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7’ v\u00e0 ‘k\u00e9o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3’<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gh\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea5n ch\u00e2n quanh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, th\u00ec anh ta \u0111ang gh\u00ecm \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb ghim, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi bu\u00f4ng tay. . Trong khi hai ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea5n quanh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m si\u1ebft c\u1ed5, kh\u00f3a tay v\u00e0 “k\u00e9o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3” ( do-jime<\/em> ), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. \u1ede v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7” trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 osaekomi<\/em> . (L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng do-jime<\/em> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong m\u00f4n judo thi \u0111\u1ea5u.) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1eef ho\u1eb7c khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c anh ta, ho\u1eb7c anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a anh ta c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c l\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp (ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i – ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean 16 tu\u1ed5i)\"\"<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp ( kansetsu-waza<\/em> ) l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p j\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2n kh\u00f3a kh\u1edbp \u1edf khu\u1ef7u tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c thi nh\u1eb1m bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Judo cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f3a ch\u00e2n, kh\u00f3a c\u1ed5 tay, kh\u00f3a c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thi \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u00e0y b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 j\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> v\u1eabn th\u00edch h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 sambo, Brazil Jiu-Jitsu v\u00e0 jujutsu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ngh\u1eb9t th\u1edf v\u00e0 si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i – ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean 16 tu\u1ed5i)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 ( shime-waza<\/em> ) cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng. S\u1ef1 si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 s\u1ebd c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n \u1edf hai b\u00ean c\u1ed5, trong khi m\u1ed9t c\u00fa si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c j\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c . Trong thi \u0111\u1ea5u, j\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> th\u1eafng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh. M\u1ed9t c\u00fa si\u1ebft c\u1ed5, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, judo c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean judo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i 1932 \u1edf Los Angeles, n\u01a1i Kano v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 200 h\u1ecdc sinh judo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n. Judo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao Olympic d\u00e0nh cho nam gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1964 \u1edf Tokyo. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Rusty Kanokogi, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, judo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao Olympic d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n judo nam n\u0103m 1964 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0ng theo Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Judo Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ( IJF) v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Olympic qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Judo tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1964. V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan Anton Geesink \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng Olympic \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf n\u1ed9i dung Judo m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Aiko Kaminaga c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Judo sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ed9i dung d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung tranh huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c 4 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef thi \u0111\u1ea5u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng nhau. Judo l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao Paralympic (d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1988. Judo c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao t\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ph\u00e2n chia tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng<\/th><\/tr>
      D\u01b0\u1edbi 60 kg<\/td>60~66kg<\/td>66~73kg<\/td>73~81kg<\/td>81~90kg<\/td>90~100kg<\/td>Tr\u00ean 100 kg<\/td><\/tr>
      Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/th><\/tr>
      D\u01b0\u1edbi 48 kg<\/td>48~52kg<\/td>52~57kg<\/td>57~63kg<\/td>63~70kg<\/td>70~78kg<\/td>Tr\u00ean 78 kg<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Quy t\u1eafc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a judo nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nghi th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung sau n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u1edf ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean th\u1ea3m ( tatami<\/em> ). N\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi sonomama<\/em> (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n”) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai v\u00f5 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng. Khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m xong, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i n\u00f3i yoshi<\/em> v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ecdi t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u do tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t do tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a IJF \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi judo d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m thi \u0111\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u judo l\u00e0 n\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00ean vai m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghim anh ta xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng; ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c anh ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecb b\u00f3p c\u1ed5, si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a tay. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m ippon, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Judo c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m: ippon<\/em> , waza-ari<\/em> , yuko<\/em> v\u00e0 koka<\/em> . IPpon c\u00f3<\/em> ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m” v\u00e0 th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u. M\u1ed9t ippon<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho (a) m\u1ed9t c\u00fa n\u00e9m khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 n\u1eb1m ng\u1eeda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c; (b) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u1ea3m trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 (hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m gi\u00e2y); ho\u1eb7c (c) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7. Waza -ari<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u1ed9t c\u00fa n\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ippon<\/em> ; ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u00e2y. Waza -ari<\/em> l\u00e0 n\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Yuko<\/em> v\u00e0 koka<\/em> c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a – ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc; waza -ari<\/em> \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng yuko n\u00e0o<\/em> , nh\u01b0ng waza-ari<\/em> v\u00e0 yuko \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i<\/em> waza -ari<\/em> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 yuko<\/em> . Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean koka<\/em> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Gi\u1eef m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e2y s\u1ebd ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m yuko<\/em> v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e2y s\u1ebd ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m koka<\/em> . N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef n\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 waza-ari<\/em> , h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef n\u00fat trong 20 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m ippon<\/em> b\u1eb1ng hai waza-ari<\/em> ( waza-ari-awasete-ippon<\/em> ). Nh\u1eefng c\u00fa n\u00e9m thi\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ippon<\/em> ho\u1eb7c waza-ari<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m yuko<\/em> ho\u1eb7c koka<\/em> . C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “h\u1ea1 g\u1ee5c kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o” c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thanh \u0111\u00f2n bay) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ghi b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng nhau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u, cu\u1ed9c thi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo lu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec3m V\u00e0ng<\/em> . \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0ng<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed khi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u00ed sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o s\u1ebd th\u1eafng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd do Hantei<\/em> quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh , theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i v\u00e0 hai tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i ph\u1ea1t g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m Judo hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m waza-ari<\/em> , yuko<\/em> v\u00e0 koka<\/em> m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ippon<\/em> kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ec khi trao ippon<\/em> , tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi t\u00ednh h\u00f3a s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn r\u1eb1ng ippon<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7. (M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u0103m s\u00f3c “y t\u1ebf” hai l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u nh\u1eb9.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u00ednh gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian oskomi<\/em> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t waza-ari<\/em> , hai yuko<\/em> v\u00e0 hai koka<\/em> , \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ghi \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t koka<\/em> s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0: “122” so v\u1edbi “121”; trong khi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n in, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng: “1W2Y2K” so v\u1edbi “1W2Y1K”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      N\u0103m 1902, Barton-Wright vi\u1ebft: “Judo v\u00e0 jujitsu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f5 s\u0129 quy\u1ec1n anh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.” \u1edf c\u1ef1 ly g\u1ea7n, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quy\u1ec1n anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c c\u00fa n\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ea3m m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng v\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c ( \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi Judo c\u1ee7a Nga.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Trong v\u00f5 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ne-waza\/v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 tachi-waza\/v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ee9ng, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean judo th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thi \u0111\u1ea5u trong c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. C\u1ef1u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch judo qu\u1ed1c gia Nga Fedor Emelianenko th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 v\u00f5 s\u0129 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Karo Parisyan chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a UFC, v\u00e0 Rameau Thierry Sokoudjou v\u00e0 Hidehiko Yoshida, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng Olympic n\u0103m 1992 v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Judo th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1999, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f5 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a PRIDE FC hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng Olympic v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch judoka th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Pawel Nastula, Yoon Dong-Sik v\u00e0 Jung Bu-Kyung c\u0169ng thi \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf MMA. Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ng trung WEC b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i Paulo Filho \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a judo v\u00e0 jiu-jitsu. C\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 Sanae Kikuta v\u00e0 Hayato Sakurai c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb judo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Kodokan Judo c\u1ee7a Kano Jigoro l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch judo ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef judo v\u00e0 jujutsu kh\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c judo n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 jujutsu ho\u1eb7c jiu-jitsu v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi judo ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb phong c\u00e1ch judo ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kano, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Olympic Judo<\/em> : \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Kodokan judo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Brazil Jiu-Jitsu<\/em> : Mitsuyo Maeda gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u judo \u0111\u1ebfn Brazil v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1914. Maeda d\u1ea1y judo cho Carlos Gracie (1902\u20131994) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf Brazil. Nhu thu\u1eadt Brazil kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc judo qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a BJJ v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a judo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eeb t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. BJJ g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi judo \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 judo Olympic hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Judo-do<\/em> : \u1ede \u00c1o, Julius Fleck v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e9m nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng judo m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “judo-do”.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Kawaishi-ry\u016b jujutsu<\/em> : Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Mikonosuke Kawaishi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kawaishi-ry\u016b jujutsu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong cu\u1ed9c thi judo Olympic\/Kodokan hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Kosen Judo:<\/em> L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Kodokan Judo \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, phong c\u00e1ch Kosen c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 BJJ, phong c\u00e1ch judo n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi judo nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 judo Olympic hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Judo Nga<\/em> : Phong c\u00e1ch judo \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Sambo. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Alexander Retuinskih v\u00e0 Igor Yakimov, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 Igor Zinoviev, Fedor Emelianenko v\u00e0 Karo Parisyan. \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, judo Nga \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn judo ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2n tay bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o judo Kodokan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Sambo<\/em> (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Sport Sambo): Vasili Oshchepkov l\u00e0 \u0111ai \u0111en judo ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Kano. Oshchepkov ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o ra Sambo t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a judo, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Oshchepkov ch\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c thanh tr\u1eebng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u0103m 1937 v\u00ec t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc judo Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Kano. Trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Sambo<\/em> c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd , Brett Jacques v\u00e0 Scott Anderson \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u1edf Nga “judo v\u00e0 SOMBO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau” – m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y judo l\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t an to\u00e0n cho thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 judo c\u1ea1nh tranh d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng va ch\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1edbm sau khi khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p si\u1ebft c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c ( kappo<\/em> .)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 judo l\u00e0 Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Judo qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IJF).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong judo, Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (FILA) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a judo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt Hy L\u1ea1p-La M\u00e3, \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 sambo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng Judo n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi j\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> tham gia c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u. Judo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t), n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng cao m\u00e0 th\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c thi; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u1eef v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ikkyu (\u0111ai n\u00e2u), Lorena Pierce, \u1edf h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n -70 kg t\u1ea1i Paralympic 2004. Ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i teen t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c thi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n judo trong 10 n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u. \u0111ai v\u00ec c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em> . Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p dan, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p th\u00eam v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, th\u00e0nh t\u00edch thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho judo nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng dan cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f5 s\u0129 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        J\u016bd\u014dka<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 judo, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh qua m\u00e0u \u0111ai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 hai c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc: “c\u1ea5p” c\u1ea5p \u0111ai \u0111en d\u01b0\u1edbi ( ky\u016b<\/em> ) v\u00e0 “c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9” c\u1ea5p \u0111ai \u0111en ( dan<\/em> ). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kano \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 s\u00e1u c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ky\u016b<\/em> th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111ai \u0111en c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ( shodan<\/em> ). Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 10 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em> c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110ai \u0111en c\u1ea5p m\u01b0\u1eddi ( j\u016bdan<\/em> ) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Kodokan, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a Kano Jigoro, Yukimitsu Kano ( Kano Yukimitsu<\/em> ), quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 15 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kodokan th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2006, ba c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p 10 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em> c\u00f9ng l\u00fac: Toshiro Daigo, Ichiro Abe v\u00e0 Yoshimi Osawa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200btr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau 22 n\u0103m. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean 10 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em> , nh\u01b0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc Judo kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 10 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111ai \u0111en. B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Anh (1955) c\u1ee7a Illustrated Kodokan Judo, c\u1ee7a Jigoro Kano, n\u00f3i: “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n… v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean 10 \u0111\u1eb3ng… th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao anh ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p 11 \u0111\u1eb3ng.” Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o l\u00ean c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean 10 \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p Kodokan Judo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 10 \u0111\u1eb3ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 15 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p 10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kodokan trao t\u1eb7ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Judo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng dan<\/em> c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ky\u016b<\/em> , v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ky\u016b<\/em> h\u01a1n . M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u1ea5p ky\u016b<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u00e0u \u0111ai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        Tr\u1eafng<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
        M\u00e0u v\u00e0ng<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
        Qu\u1ea3 cam<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
        M\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
        M\u00e0u xanh da tr\u1eddi<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
        M\u00e0u n\u00e2u<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0110en<\/td>\"\"<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111ai n\u00e2u d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ky\u016b<\/em> n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u0111ai xanh d\u00e0nh cho tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 trung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c<\/em> \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p, n\u0103m \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p 6, 7 v\u00e0 8 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1eafng xen k\u1ebd, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p 9 v\u00e0 10 th\u00ec <\/em>th\u1eaft<\/em> l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean godan<\/em> (5 \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/em> ) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111eo \u0111ai \u0111en tr\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0u tr\u00ean th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ecdc tr\u1eafng d\u1ecdc \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp \u0111ang d\u1ef1 thi. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n k\u1ef3 thi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 kata. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc ky\u016b<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ( sensei<\/em> ), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc dan<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao sau m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i judo qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c judo qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c Kodokan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m so v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111ai hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00dac v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00dac v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c m\u00e0u th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0ng, cam, xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00e2u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111en. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0m \u0111ai tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        24hscore – Judo, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng”, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (gendai bud\u014d) v\u00e0 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea1nh tranh, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3795,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","rank_math_description":"Judo l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\n","footnotes":""},"categories":[1270],"tags":[1272],"class_list":["post-3794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vo-thuat","tag-judo-la-gi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3796,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3794\/revisions\/3796"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}