{"id":3532,"date":"2024-02-29T09:32:12","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T04:32:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tintuc.24hscore.com\/?p=3532"},"modified":"2024-02-29T09:32:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T04:32:17","slug":"nhung-tran-dau-vo-dich-co-vua-the-gioi-hay-nhat-trong-lich-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/co-vua\/nhung-tran-dau-vo-dich-co-vua-the-gioi-hay-nhat-trong-lich-su\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

24hscore<\/strong><\/a> – Khi ch\u00fang ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi FIDE 2018 , Chess.com \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200btr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi FIDE 2021 gi\u1eefa GM Magnus Carlsen v\u00e0 GM Ian Nepomniachtchi \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u hay nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nh\u1eefng
Nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi FIDE 2021 tr\u00ean Chess.com\/TV c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh Twitch v\u00e0 YouTube c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i . B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp danh d\u1ef1! B\u1ea1n<\/em> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp danh d\u1ef1! M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u<\/em> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp danh d\u1ef1! (\u1ed2, Oprah.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u00f4n c\u1edd vua.\u00a0M\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200btr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay (\u00a0Emanuel Lasker\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi\u00a0David Janowsky\u00a0n\u0103m 1910 ho\u1eb7c\u00a0Alexander Alekhine\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi\u00a0Efim Bogoljubov\u00a0n\u0103m 1934, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1eafc m\u1eafc) c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lasker-Schlechter 1910<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn tranh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1eafn th\u1ee9 hai (n\u0103m 1998 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t).\u00a0Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec.\u00a0C\u1ea3 hai v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Lasker m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u00e0\u00a0Carl Schlechter\u00a0\u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf th\u1ebf h\u00f2a \u1edf v\u00e1n th\u1ee9 10 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00f9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u hay nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200btr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay. V\u1eady ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Steinitz-Zukertort 1886<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i bao l\u00e2u?\u00a0H\u00f3a ra, trong khi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf 10-5 cho\u00a0Wilhelm Steinitz\u00a0, anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0ng (v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong kh\u1eafc. \u1ea2nh: Wikimedia\/mi\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf,\u00a0Johannes Zukertort\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 4-1 sau n\u0103m v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3, Steinitz \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 6-4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Zukertort gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u 10-5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong tr\u1eadn tranh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi thua b\u1ed1n tr\u1eadn tr\u1edf l\u00ean (t\u00ednh 1984\/85 v\u00e0 1985 l\u00e0 hai tr\u1eadn, do \u0111\u00f3 “v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt” \u1edf tr\u00ean).\u00a0V\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn tranh \u0111ai lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 20 tr\u1eadn trong h\u01a1n 25 n\u0103m, k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ba tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i.Johannes Zukertort\u00a0so v\u1edbi\u00a0Wilhelm Steinitz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0-1\u00a0Steinitz – Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Zukertort\u00a0New Orleans, LA USA\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1886\u00a0V\u00f2ng: 19\u00a0ECO: D5087654321abcdefgh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c n\u00ean tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Alekhine-Capablanca 1927<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Jose Capablanca\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh \u1ea5y.\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thua v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i v\u00e1n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2-1 theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u.\u00a0M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c
Alekhine vs. Capablanca. \u1ea2nh: Wikimedia\/mi\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 Capablanca l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng trong 21 tr\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp theo. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh r\u01a1i ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 4-2. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf v\u00e1n 29 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Capa gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Zukertort, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u: k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i (tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u).\u00a0Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00ednh theo s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i (34) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 do gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00f3.Alexander Alekhine\u00a0vs.\u00a0Jose Raul Capablanca<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-0\u00a0Capablanca – Alekhine World Championship Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u\u00a0Buenos Aires ARG\u00a026\/11\/1927\u00a0V\u00f2ng: 34\u00a0ECO: D5187654321abcdefgh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0C\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb (n\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau, do vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0Gambit c\u1ee7a N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng\u00a0) v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n (trong v\u00f2ng hai \u0111i\u1ec3m) cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Euwe-Alekhine 1935<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u s\u00e1t n\u00fat, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 30 v\u00e1n v\u1edbi 15,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m. R\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u (hai tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Alekhine v\u1edbi Bogoljubov) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 (1984\/85), nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 17 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, 13 tr\u1eadn h\u00f2a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u00f2a. ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c
T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1937, n\u0103m t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u.\u00a0\u1ea2nh: C\u01a1 quan L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 Lan\/\u00a0Wikimedia\u00a0, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u00f2a ba l\u1ea7n: 1.0-1.0, 7.0-7.0 v\u00e0 12.0-12.0.\u00a0Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u, Alekhine \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi ba v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u, 5.0-2.0 v\u00e0 6.0-3.0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0Max Euwe\u00a0h\u00f2a.\u00a0Alekhine sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 10,5-8,5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Euwe ghi 5,5-1,5 cho anh ta t\u1eeb v\u00e1n 20-26.\u00a0V\u00e1n 26, trong \u0111\u00f3 Euwe b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y ba con t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 v\u00e1n hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u.Max Euwe\u00a0vs.\u00a0Alexander Alekhine<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-0\u00a0Alekhine – Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Euwe\u00a0\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau NED\u00a003\/12\/1935\u00a0V\u00f2ng: 26\u00a0ECO: A9087654321abcdefgh1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alekhine th\u1eafng v\u00e1n 27 (\u00a0c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i\u00a0!) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ba tr\u1eadn h\u00f2a k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 15,5-14,5 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 Euwe.\u00a0Alekhine gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi Capablanca cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Euwe ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho Alekhine \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p g\u1ed1c Nga \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Botvinnik-Bronstein 1951<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1eadn tranh \u0111ai v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do FIDE t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: h\u00f2a, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u1ea3y ra, sau tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 Lasker-Schlechter n\u0103m 1910.\u00a0Israel Horowitz v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi “c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t” cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c v\u1eeba k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u00a0GM\u00a0Mikhail Botvinnik\u00a0vs. GM\u00a0David Bronstein\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a NM Dane Mattson cho tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200btr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c
\u0110\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea1i Olympic 1954 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7.\u00a0\u1ea2nh: Joop van Bilsen\/C\u1ee5c L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 Lan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00e1 hay. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n: Bronstein \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf v\u00e1n n\u0103m, b\u1ecb d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf v\u00e1n b\u1ea3y, h\u00f2a \u1edf v\u00e1n 11 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 thua ngay v\u00e1n 12, h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u1edf v\u00e1n 17 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00e1n 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi th\u1eafng c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e1n th\u1ee9 21 v\u00e0 22, Bronstein \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 11,5-10,5 v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch.\u00a0Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 thua v\u00e1n 23 v\u00e0 h\u00f2a v\u00e1n 24. IM Hans Kmoch, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Bronstein trong\u00a0b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ee9 23 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1951\u00a0, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: “C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a. M\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u00f2a ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi anh \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.” k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.”Mikhail Botvinnik\u00a0vs.\u00a0David Bronstein<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-0\u00a0Botvinnik – Tr\u1eadn tranh gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Bronstein\u00a0Moscow URS\u00a0ng\u00e0y 08 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1951\u00a0V\u00f2ng: 23\u00a0ECO: E6087654321abcdefgh1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bronstein \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn th\u00fa v\u1ecb\u00a0v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh.\u00a0Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a Botvinnik trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Bronstein \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Tal-Botvinnik 1960<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y.\u00a0GM\u00a0Mikhail Tal\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng 75% s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao th\u1ee9 hai trong danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m.\u00a0Botvinnik t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 5,0-2,0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00edn v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tal \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: v\u00e1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 v\u00e1n s\u00e1u.\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng Botvinnik ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e1n n\u00e0o n\u1eefa trong khi Tal nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e1n c\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi anh ta: v\u00e1n 17 kh\u00e1 hoang d\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e1n 19 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e1n c\u1edd theo th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn.Mikhail Tal\u00a0vs.\u00a0Mikhail Botvinnik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-0\u00a0Botvinnik – Tr\u1eadn tranh \u0111ai v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Tal\u00a0Moscow URS\u00a0ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1960\u00a0V\u00f2ng: 1\u00a0ECO: C1887654321abcdefgh1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1p\u00a0ch\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0Chess Review\u00a0s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1960\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Tal.\u00a0“Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1edd vua\u2026 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi\u00a0Paul Morphy\u00a0.\u00a0Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb h\u01b0 v\u00f4”, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Alekhine.\u00a0V\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Botvinnik kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 Lasker c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.\u00a0Morphy, Alekhine, Lasker: s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng so s\u00e1nh.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c
Tal \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi Botvinnik. \u1ea2nh: Almaty.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Fischer-Spassky 1972<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd qu\u00e1<\/em> tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.\u00a0(Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.) GM\u00a0Boris Spassky\u00a0d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2-0 sau hai v\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn thua.\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c v\u00e1n t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 10, GM\u00a0Bobby Fischer\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p Spassky v\u1edbi 5 tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thua m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0o.\u00a0Ba tr\u1eadn n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1eafng, thua v\u00e0 h\u00f2a, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u00e1u tr\u1eadn h\u00f2a n\u1eefa.\u00a0Fischer sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng v\u00e1n th\u1ee9 21 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00e1c
Fischer (ph\u1ea3i) ch\u00e0o Spassky. \u1ea2nh: Almaty.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 25 n\u0103m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1edd vua v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai. Theo t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1n 13 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u: B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1edf k\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft xoay chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh.Boris Spassky\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi\u00a0Robert James Fischer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0-1\u00a0Spassky – Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Fischer\u00a0Reykjavik ISL\u00a0ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1972\u00a0V\u00f2ng: 13\u00a0ECO: B0487654321abcdefgh1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0Chess Life & Review s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1972,<\/em>\u00a0GM\u00a0Anthony\u00a0Saidy \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y: “T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9.” x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf xa b\u1ea3ng.”\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c Fischer m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1edd vua c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4.\u00a0Trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1edd vua thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00fang (Saidy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c Fischer th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u01a1i<\/em>\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t (theo Saidy v\u00e0 GM\u00a0Robert Byrne\u00a0):<\/p>\n\n\n\n