{"id":3443,"date":"2024-02-28T03:59:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T22:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tintuc.24hscore.com\/?p=3443"},"modified":"2024-02-28T06:41:13","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T01:41:13","slug":"tu-steinitz-den-carlsen-ding-liren-truy-tim-lich-su-giai-vo-dich-co-vua-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/co-vua\/tu-steinitz-den-carlsen-ding-liren-truy-tim-lich-su-giai-vo-dich-co-vua-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb Steinitz \u0111\u1ebfn Carlsen & Ding Liren: Truy t\u00ecm l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

24hscore<\/strong><\/a> – Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh t\u00e0i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.\u00a0Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1edd vua, Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4n c\u1edd vua.\u00a0T\u1eeb Wilhelm Steinitz, nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886, \u0111\u1ebfn Magnus Carlsen, vua c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0Trong blog n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u00f4n l\u1ea1i k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, phong c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"T\u1eeb
T\u1eeb Steinitz \u0111\u1ebfn Carlsen & Ding Liren: Truy t\u00ecm l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wilhelm Steinitz (1886-1894)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emanuel Lasker (1894-1921)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jos\u00e9 Raul Capablanca (1921-1927)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Alekhine (1927-1935, 1937-1946)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Max Euwe (1935-1937)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikhail Botvinnik (1948-1957, 1958-1960, 1961-1963)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vasily Smyslov (1957-1958)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikhail Tal (1960-1961)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tigran Petrosian (1963-1969)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boris Spassky (1969-1972)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Robert James Fischer (1972-1975)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anatoly Karpov (1975-1985)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Garry Kasparov (1985-2000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vladimir Kramnik (2000-2007)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viswanathan Anand (2007-2013)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Magnus Carlsen (2013-2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ding Liren (\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u0103m 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Wilhelm Steinitz (1886-1894)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wilhelm Steinitz, k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd vua ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u00c1o sinh n\u0103m 1836 t\u1ea1i Praha, \u00c1o (nay l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a S\u00e9c), l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, gi\u1eef danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1886 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1894. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Johannes Zukertort v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1886 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Steinitz \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf c\u1edd trong c\u1edd vua, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u00f4 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch c\u1edd vua c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Steinitz cho c\u1edd vua \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Emanuel Lasker, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Steinitz qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1900.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.\u00a0T\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i: Steinitz, Lasker, Alekhine v\u00e0 Capablanca c\u00f9ng nhau, Euwe.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"n\u0103m<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Emanuel Lasker (1894-1921)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Emanuel Lasker, nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong 27 n\u0103m ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1894 \u0111\u1ebfn 1921. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Lasker c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 giao ho\u00e1n. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, Lasker l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Albert Einstein, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201cCu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1edd vua\u201d c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Jacques Hannak (1952). Trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, Einstein b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” c\u1ee7a Lasker, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Jos\u00e9 Ra\u00fal Capablanca (1921-1927)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1edd vua ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cuba Jose Raul Capablanca \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb tay Lasker v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1921 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u00e0y trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m. Capablanca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1916 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1924. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Bobby Fischer v\u00e0 Anatoly Karpov \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Capablanca. Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Cuba qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1942 v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft n\u00e3o nh\u01b0ng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1edd vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i t\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Alexander Alekhine (1927-1935, 1937-1946)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Alekhine b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 22. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1edd vua, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho Alekhine’s Defense v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. Alekhine gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1927 t\u1eeb Capablanca, \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc Efim Bogoljubov v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1929 v\u00e0 1934, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o tay Max Euwe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 trong tr\u1eadn t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u n\u0103m 1937. \u00d4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi \u0111ang gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft khi \u0111ang gi\u1eef \u0111ai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Max Euwe (1935-1937)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Max Euwe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111a di\u1ec7n, xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd vua, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Alexander Alekhine, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thua trong tr\u1eadn t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Ewe c\u0169ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch FIDE, Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1978, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi la b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Euwe c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1edd vua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e3y Thue\u2013Morse \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1929 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u00e1n c\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Mikhail Botvinnik (1948-1957, 1958-1960, 1961-1963)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Alexander Alekhine, danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa n\u0103m k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7: Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Paul Keres, Reuben Fine v\u00e0 Samuel Reshevsky. Botvinnik \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u n\u0103m 1948 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, tay v\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1edd vua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb l\u00e0ng c\u1edd vua trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. Botvinnik c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Anatoly Karpov, Garry Kasparov v\u00e0 Vladimir Kramnik, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i: tr\u1eadn Botvinnik vs Smyslov, Petrosyan, Spassky, Fischer vs Tal.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nh\u00e0<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

7. Vasily Smyslov (1957-1958)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Smyslov li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thi \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1edd vua cao nh\u1ea5t, 8 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u1eadn tranh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Botvinnik di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch Botvinnik v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Smyslov sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean n\u0103m 1956, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn tranh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Botvinnik v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, Smyslov \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ghi t\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o s\u1eed s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. Smyslov c\u0169ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 17 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Olympic C\u1edd vua \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u01a1i, so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1edd vua cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Mikhail Tal (1960-1961)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Mikhail Tal, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.\u00a0V\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t danh “Nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Riga”, Tal \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Mikhail Botvinnik trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn tranh \u0111ai v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 23 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200btr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0\u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1edd vua thi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi 95 tr\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974, k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m.\u00a0Tal qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1992, nh\u01b0ng di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea3i c\u1edd vua t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Mikhail Tal h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf Moscow, nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y.\u00a0C\u00f9ng xem\u00a03 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 8 n\u00e0y nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Tigran Petrosian (1963-1969)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tigran Petrosyan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1edd vua, gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 1963 khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Mikhail Botvinnik (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eeb tay Tal). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Boris Spassky nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o tay Spassky v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1969. Nh\u1edd l\u1ed1i ch\u01a1i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng, Petrosyan c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh l\u00e0 “Iron Tigran”. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Petrosyan trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a anh, t\u1eebng 8 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi chu k\u1ef3 ba n\u0103m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, Petrosyan l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Petrosyan qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1984 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a trang ng\u01b0\u1eddi Armenia \u1edf Moscow, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1edd vua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Boris Spassky (1969-1972)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho c\u1edd vua c\u1ee7a Boris Spassky b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ch\u01a1i c\u1edd l\u00fac m\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i khi s\u01a1 t\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi Leningrad trong cu\u1ed9c v\u00e2y h\u00e3m trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. Anh \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 10 khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Mikhail Botvinnik trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf Leningrad. Spassky thi \u0111\u1ea5u ba tr\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, thua Tigran Petrosian n\u0103m 1966, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Petrosian n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 thua Bobby Fischer trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u0103m 1972. Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Vasily Smyslov v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, Spassky tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ef1u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 73 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n h\u1ed9 \u1edf Moscow b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Bobby Fischer (1972-1975)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd vua v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, Bobby Fischer \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Boris Spassky trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. ho\u1eb7c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975 sau nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi FIDE \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc danh hi\u1ec7u.\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0ng Fischer \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho c\u1edd vua.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “60 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i” n\u0103m 1969 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1edd vua.\u00a0V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1edd c\u1edd vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.\u00a0\u00d4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u1edd ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean Fischer, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chess960, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1edd vua trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong 960 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.\u00a0Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i\u00a05 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Fischer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Anatoly Karpov (1975-1985)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi Fischer b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, Anatoly Karpov m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, Karpov v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tham gia g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u l\u1edbn trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi. Anh c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc Viktor Korchnoi trong hai tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e0ng Olympic v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Karpov \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0o tay Garry Kasparov n\u0103m 1985 nh\u01b0ng anh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm khi \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi Kasparov trong ba tr\u1eadn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1986, 1987 v\u00e0 1990, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e1t sao. Karpov ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 2 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y khi Kasparov v\u00e0 Nigel Short t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi FIDE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0T\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i: Karpov, Kasparov vs Kramnik, Anand.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nh\u00e0<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

13. Garry Kasparov (1985-2000)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd vua v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, Garry Kasparov d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0Ngay c\u1ea3 vua c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Magnus Carlsen\u00a0c\u0169ng coi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 GOAT c\u1edd vua\u00a0.\u00a0V\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 2858, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Carlsen s\u00e1nh ngang cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, Kasparov \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1edd vua trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.\u00a0Anh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 23 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985 sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Anatoly Karpov trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i.\u00a0Kasparov n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t (15) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1985 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1edd vua chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005 (255 th\u00e1ng).\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edd vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0N\u0103m 1997, anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh IBM Deep Blue\u00a0, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng anh l\u1ea1i thua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Vladimir Kramnik (2000-2007)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2000, Vladimir Kramnik \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Garry Kasparov trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Peter Leko, anh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc Veselin Topalov \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 danh hi\u1ec7u FIDE v\u00e0 C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Kasparov t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi FIDE v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Kramnik \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o tay Viswanathan Anand v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008, anh \u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2817 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2016, khi\u1ebfn anh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2019, Kramnik c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd vua chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec7n anh l\u00e0m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 tr\u1ebb, chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. Viswanathan Anand (2007-2013)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t, Viswanathan Anand l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Anand \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi FIDE n\u0103m 2000 khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Alexei Shirav trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u00e1u v\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2002. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2006, Anand tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed1c 2800 Elo trong danh s\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng FIDE, sau Kramnik. , Topalov v\u00e0 Garry Kasparov. Anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t trong 21 th\u00e1ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Anand tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vladimir Kramnik n\u0103m 2008, Veselin Topalov n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 Boris Gelfand n\u0103m 2012. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ea5t danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o tay Magnus Carlsen n\u0103m 2013, Anand v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tay v\u1ee3t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nhanh, gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c V\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Nhanh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. Magnus Carlsen (2013-2023)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ch\u01a1i c\u1edd c\u1ee7a Magnus Carlsen.\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Mozart c\u1ee7a c\u1edd vua”, anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 4 ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd nhanh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 6 ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd ch\u1edbp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0Carlsen gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 1 trong b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a FIDE k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011. V\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2882, anh gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1edd vua c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u t\u00fa.\u00a0Carlsen \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u Nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Viswanathan Anand, th\u00e0nh t\u00edch m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc Anand v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau.\u00a0Anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd nhanh v\u00e0 C\u1edd ch\u1edbp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m 2014, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 ba danh hi\u1ec7u, th\u00e0nh t\u00edch m\u00e0 anh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0\u00a02022\u00a0.\u00a0Sau khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1edd vua c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Anand, Sergey Karjakin, Fabiano Caruana v\u00e0 Ian Nepomniachtchi, nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Na Uy quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u00a04 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0trong c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn tranh ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Carlsen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i: Carlsen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho danh hi\u1ec7u v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 17: Nepomniachtchi v\u00e0 Ding Liren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Carlsen,<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

17.Ding Liren<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Magnus Carlsen, hai k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean FIDE 2022 – Ian Nepomniachtchi v\u00e0 Ding Liren d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd tranh v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n c\u1edd vua t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 9-30\/4.\u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh cao , Ding Liren \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u V\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1edd vua Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi danh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ding Liren l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 c\u1edd vua<\/strong><\/a> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u00a0Anh l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh tham gia Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed1c 2800 Elo tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a FIDE v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

24hscore – Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh t\u00e0i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.\u00a0Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1edd vua, Gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cao nh\u1ea5t trong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","rank_math_description":"T\u1eeb Steinitz \u0111\u1ebfn Carlsen & Ding Liren: Truy t\u00ecm l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1edd vua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\n","footnotes":""},"categories":[1186],"tags":[1212],"class_list":["post-3443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-co-vua","tag-vo-dich-co-vua-the-gioi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3443"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3445,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3443\/revisions\/3445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}