{"id":3253,"date":"2024-02-26T05:25:28","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T00:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tintuc.24hscore.com\/?p=3253"},"modified":"2024-02-26T05:45:13","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T00:45:13","slug":"thiet-bi-deo-xuc-giac-co-the-thay-the-giac-quan-tang-cuong-giac-quan-va-huan-luyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/dua-xe\/thiet-bi-deo-xuc-giac-co-the-thay-the-giac-quan-tang-cuong-giac-quan-va-huan-luyen\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1c quan, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

24hscore<\/strong><\/a> – Suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.\u00a0M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi da ho\u1eb7c qua qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Thi\u1ebft
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1c quan, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.\u00a0Suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5t chi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ebfc, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c;\u00a0suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00fac gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c;\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00fac gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n.\u00a0\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m: ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3, m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh, vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp, gi\u1ea3m th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c.\u00a0S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n tay, m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u00e0 \u0111i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 da nh\u01b0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, rung v\u00e0 c\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 rung t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i mong mu\u1ed1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1ng \u0111i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 thay v\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u00ean gia-h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c quan. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a x\u00fac gi\u00e1c theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c rung, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho kh\u1edbp. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (H\u00ecnh  1<\/a> ). Suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5t chi. Suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, \u1ed3n \u00e0o do tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u qua da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 1<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Do s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng pin thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u1ed5 c\u1eafm) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1c quan cho nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu chi tr\u00ean v\u00e0 chi d\u01b0\u1edbi, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0n tay gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Revolutionizing Prosthetics v\u00e0 Otto Bock), tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 39% ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5t tay \u0111eo ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eafm b\u1eaft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c quan (77%), l\u1eafng nghe (67%) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi (57%). X\u00fac gi\u00e1c d\u00e0nh cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng tin x\u00fac gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao cho ch\u00fang l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 rung, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, l\u1ef1c, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u1edf chi tr\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u1ef1c, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c b\u00e1m. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o da ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c rung. Patterson v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eafm t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 sang \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c trong v\u00f2ng b\u00edt quanh c\u00e1nh tay tr\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 rung v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u1eafm b\u1eaft cao nh\u1ea5t. Rombokas v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1nh tay tr\u00ean trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thao t\u00e1c \u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 2<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u1eafm t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c cho ph\u00e9p thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1ea3o v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ef1c. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean da, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Kim v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ee5t chi sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 rung v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng da c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 8 mm. Damian v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t m\u00e1y x\u00fac qu\u00e9t tr\u00ean da v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c b\u00e1m th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng da \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn do m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n chi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u00ean da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh tay ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thao t\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00edch th\u00edch da \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thao t\u00e1c. Witteveen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 rung tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00e0n tay gi\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1eafm. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3o. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 xoay da \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb xoay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n trong ph\u1ea1m vi 6 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea1m vi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. Tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0103ng da \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u1edf chi tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7m n\u1eafm \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thao t\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn l\u00e0 thu nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 chi d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p d\u00e1ng \u0111i, m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3, Fan v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng b\u00edt g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng silicon \u0111\u1eb7t quanh \u0111\u00f9i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ebf trong c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u b\u01a1m h\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ba m\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 99,0%, 94,8%, 94,4% v\u00e0 95,8%. Crea v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 l\u1ef1c ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean da \u0111\u00f9i, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n pha c\u1ed5ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c theo th\u1eddi gian rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i pha d\u00e1ng \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean 24 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 xuy\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y, Rusaw et al truy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00e9 ng\u00e3. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u1edf chi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Buma et al nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3 trong d\u00e1ng \u0111i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111eo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f9i ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00f3i quen sau 15 ph\u00fat. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Sharma v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch rung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u00f9i v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 0,8 gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 90%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u1edf chi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00e1ng \u0111i kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n pha d\u00e1ng \u0111i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf l\u00f3t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n tay gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u1edf kh\u1edbp m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1, Bach-Y-Rita et al \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y m\u00e1y x\u00fac gi\u00e1c 20 x 20 g\u1eafn tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf nha khoa \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch da l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9, mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201ct\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn\u201d th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf x\u00fac gi\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 (xem c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y x\u00fac gi\u00e1c th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c v\u00ec n\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i l\u1ea1i. McDaniel v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u0111ai x\u00fac gi\u00e1c g\u1ed3m 7 m\u00e1y b\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau quanh th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ecb tr\u00ed rung v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eddi gian rung. Karcher v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111ai x\u00fac gi\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m 30 m\u00e1y x\u00fac c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t la b\u00e0n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c rung m\u00e1y thu g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc t\u1eeb. Johnson v\u00e0 Higgins \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 g\u1eafn hai camera web \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u00fac gi\u00e1c hai chi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0nh \u0111ai rung theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n g\u00e2y ra t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ai x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn GPS \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch rung m\u00e1y b\u1ea5m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c. Amemiya v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn m\u00e1y rung v\u00e0o 3 ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9. Meers v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u0103ng tay k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt, tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m b\u00e3i \u0111\u1eadu xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Koo v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi 20 polyme \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u1eef n\u1ed5i Braille v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qua da. Shah v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u1ea7m tay h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u1edbi 4 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t d\u00e3y m\u00e1y rung 4 x 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong tay c\u1ea7m th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay \u0111ang n\u1eafm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1edbi 4 m\u00e1y rung cho m\u1ed7i ng\u00f3n tay, kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i. Th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi m\u00e1y x\u00fac v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong khi tr\u00e1nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. Ito v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 khi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, d\u00e2y s\u1ebd si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t k\u00e9o tay v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u00e2y \u0111ai. Khi v\u1eadt \u1edf xa, d\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u1ecfng ra \u0111\u1ec3 tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 du\u1ed7i ra. Gallo v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 rung x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh xe qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh quay \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 3<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c v\u00ec h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u1ee1i, mi\u1ec7ng, th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. Bach-Y-Rita v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng 7 x 7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f9. Tang v\u00e0 Beebe \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ng\u1eadm x\u00fac gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n 7 x 7. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m di chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u00e1i, ph\u1ea3i, ti\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00f9i. Jones v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 87 ] \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y m\u00e1y rung 4 x 4 d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng. Mann v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 88 ] trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 camera Kinect v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c rung quanh tr\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f9. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tactor \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e9 ng\u00e3 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"hinh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 4<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111eo th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 l\u00f3t gi\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n . \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao ti\u1ebfp phi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a. m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ebfc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f3n tay, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c Tadoma. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m x\u00fac gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin quang ph\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ean da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh. Saunders v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111ai b\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00e3 h\u00f3a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ebfc n\u1eb7ng (m\u1ea5t th\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 90 dB \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh 250 Hz). S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y sau m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u0103m d\u00f2 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 4 th\u00e1ng. Boothroyd v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 94 ] \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u00e9t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch ra t\u1eeb micr\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c rung \u0111a k\u00eanh v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong [ 95 ]. Hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u00edch th\u00edch (rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00edch th\u00edch (c\u00e1nh tay, b\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i (c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u1eed ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4i. Bernstein v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 96 ] \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh ba b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u1eb3ng tay \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ra tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e9p c\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ebfc n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai bit th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh g\u1ed3m 10 m\u1ee5c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cao \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec \u00e2m s\u1eafc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e1t. Sakajiri v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ed3m 64 m\u00e1y rung \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ch\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean da hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ca h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e3ng nh\u1ea1c trung b\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng 117,5 cent (cent l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o logarit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e3ng nh\u1ea1c), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb nghe b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh x\u00fac gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u00ean t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i nh\u1eb1m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh x\u00fac gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111eo tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ec7nh Parkinson v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1eafc l\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y [ 100 , 101 ]. T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 102 ] cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c vai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1eaft nh\u1eafm l\u1ea1i. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng m\u00e1y rung \u0111\u1eb7t quanh th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc-sau khi \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh [ 101 , 103 ]. C\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tactor g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (H\u00ecnh  5 ) v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a tactor cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh mong mu\u1ed1n. Sienko v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 104 ] ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng 4 m\u00e1y b\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau quanh th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp nghi\u00eang th\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y 48 m\u00e1y b\u1ea5m (3 h\u00e0ng x 16 c\u1ed9t) \u0111\u1eb7t quanh eo. Jeka v\u00e0 Lackner [ 105 ] cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 5<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa rung \u0111\u1ed9ng) [ 103 ], m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u00edch rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh [ 106 , 107 ]. Haggerty v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 108 ] \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng. M\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i t\u1eadp gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e2m v\u1ef1c cao hay th\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t trong hai n\u00fat). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n [ 109 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp l\u1eafc l\u01b0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p [ 110 , 111 ]. Vuillerme v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 112 ] \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng 6 x 6 (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 1,5 cm \u00d7 1,5 cm) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,4 mm) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o trung t\u00e2m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 hai b\u00ean [ 113 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng mong mu\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam nhi\u1ec5u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu [ 114 , 115 ]. Priplata v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 116 ] \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng gel c\u00f3 g\u1eafn ba tactor \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n tr\u1eafng c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. 27 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 90% ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m) v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u00e0 0\u2013100 Hz. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd nhi\u1ec5u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea7n kinh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 [ 117 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng: 1) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 2) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i b\u1ed9 th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng trong-b\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong d\u00e1ng \u0111i [ 118 ]. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u00ean. Dozza v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 19 ] \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1o vest rung \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u1edf ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. \u00c1o vest c\u00f3 hai c\u1ed9t g\u1ed3m ba tactor \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p rung khi \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n trong-b\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 2 \u0111\u1ed9 (c\u1eb7p d\u01b0\u1edbi), 7 \u0111\u1ed9 (c\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa) v\u00e0 12 \u0111\u1ed9 (c\u1eb7p cao h\u01a1n). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i khi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i. Horak v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 119 ] \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai bu\u1ed5i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00e1ch nhau hai tu\u1ea7n \u1edf 10 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111i b\u1ed9 trong d\u00e1ng \u0111i song song (\u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa-b\u00ean. Janssen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 120 ] \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m 40 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m che m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 rung s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u00e1ng \u0111i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i b\u1ed9: v\u1edbi m\u1eaft m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eafm, trong khi xoay ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7u, trong khi x\u00e1ch ly n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u thang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong d\u00e1ng \u0111i. Verhoeff v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 121 ] \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t 16 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ebb kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 13 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh khi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp d\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 7 gi\u00e2y (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c) ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba mang khay \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c k\u00e9p. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i d\u00e1ng \u0111i, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c xung rung \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ng\u1eafn. Sienko v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 122 ] \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c xung rung 200 ms \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 ngay sau c\u00fa va ch\u1ea1m g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1eafc l\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n trong-b\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m y\u1ebfu cho d\u00e1ng \u0111i. Galica v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 123 ] ch\u00e8n ba tactor v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n tr\u1eafng 0\u2013100 Hz cho 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 trong d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 1 m\/s. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian vung v\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong d\u00e1ng \u0111i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafc l\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khi \u0111i b\u1ed9 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00e1ng \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n kinh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5, b\u1ec7nh Parkinson, ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kinh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n [ 124 ]. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t [ 125 ]. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o [ 125 , 126 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1nh tay ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chi [ 8 , 9 , 36 , 100 , 127 ]. Giang v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 36 ] \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111a x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c n\u1eafm trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin x\u00fac gi\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u rung tr\u00ean m\u00f3ng tay. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o h\u1ecd khi l\u1ef1c n\u1eafm v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Lieberman v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 8 ] \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo 5-DOF \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e1nh tay. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c do b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 27% khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u1edbi 23% so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i chi d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00ecn chung t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng chi d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec theo th\u1eddi gian [ 128 , 129 ]. Van Wegen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 130 ] \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u rung tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 tay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n Parkinson c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i b\u1ed9 hay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Nanhoe-Mahabier v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 111 ] \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh rung g\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u cho 20 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh Parkinson. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 rung s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea7n kinh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n hai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n [ 128 ]. Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea7n kinh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edf l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i b\u1ed9, nh\u1ecbp b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc [ 131 ]. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng b\u00f3ng silicon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f9i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, 29 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3n t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t sau \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i (H\u00ecnh  6 ). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 2 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, 5 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n trong 1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 7 tu\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng [ 132 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 6<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean x\u00fac gi\u00e1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng [ 133 ] ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft [ 134 ] v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t [ 135 ]), s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c khi\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u \u0111i b\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Wheeler v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 136 ] g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y rung duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o c\u1eb3ng tay \u0111\u1ec3 rung khi t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra khi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i m\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Dowling v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 137 ] g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y nh\u1eafn tin b\u00ean trong gi\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i rung cho b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n. \u1ede m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00e2n b\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y nh\u1eafn tin rung l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e1ng \u0111i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c xung rung \u1edf m\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i xoay c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong 5\u20137 \u0111\u1ed9, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i theo th\u1eddi gian [ 138 , 139 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc [ 13 ] \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Lurie v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 140 ] c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111i m\u1edbi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1eafc l\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, g\u00f3c x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u00f3c ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea3 ba rung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean ba b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u1ed1 ba b\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i h\u01a1n trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, Jirattigalachote et al. [ 141 ] cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed da ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c) so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch x\u00fac gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m sang y h\u1ecdc ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. Vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e1ng \u0111i nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a haptics c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1ec3 thao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba r\u00e1ch d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thao t\u00e1c, \u0111i l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ua xe<\/strong><\/a> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh vi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u00e1ng \u0111i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chung sau \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, sao cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo [ 24 , 25 , 28 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh h\u1ecdc\/c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111eo, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, tr\u00e1nh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, [ 142 ]. Gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 [ 25 ]. B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ec1m thu nh\u1ecf [ 143 \u2013 145 ] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c quan. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng [ 146 ]. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3c) ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thay \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng mong mu\u1ed1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean da. Vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n khi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u00fac gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi chi tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo l\u00e2u d\u00e0i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c [ 147 , 148 ]. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00fac gi\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi dai d\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi hay v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 [ 109 ]. Horak v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. [ 119 ] cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i sinh h\u1ecdc cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u00e1ng \u0111i song song, v\u00e0 Dozza et al. [ 19 ] cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb [ 149 , 150 ].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi (H\u00ecnh  7 ) \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 thao t\u00e1c), tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u1ecbp tim v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n da [ 151 ]) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c) v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u00ecnh<\/a>
H\u00ecnh 7<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

24hscore – Suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111eo g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3266,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","rank_math_description":"Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo x\u00fac gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1c quan, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n","footnotes":""},"categories":[482],"tags":[1170],"class_list":["post-3253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dua-xe","tag-thiet-bi-deo-xuc-giac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3253"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3267,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3253\/revisions\/3267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/24hscore.net\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}